Reimplemented camera handling enabling 360-degree freelook.

13 files changed, 557 insertions, 471 deletions

diff --git a/src/render/camera.cc b/src/render/camera.cc
index d6cf562..70684d7 100644
--- a/src/render/camera.cc
+++ b/src/render/camera.cc
@@ -6,17 +6,14 @@
 
 #include <cmath>
 
-#include "core/application.h"
-#include "core/gameinterface.h"
-#include "math/mathlib.h"
-#include "math/matrix4f.h"
 #include "render/camera.h"
 #include "render/gl.h"
 #include "render/state.h"
+#include "core/entity.h"
+#include "core/range.h"
+#include "math/functions.h"
 #include "sys/sys.h"
 
-using math::degrees360f;
-using math::degrees180f;
 
 namespace render
 {
@@ -24,134 +21,72 @@ namespace render
 const float 		MIN_DELTA = 10e-10;
 const float 		COS_PI_4  = sqrt(2.0f) * 0.5f;
 
-const float		pitch_free = -30.0f;
-const float 		pitch_track = -5.0f;
-const float 		pitch_overview = -5.0f;
 
-math::Vector3f 		Camera::camera_eye;
-math::Vector3f 		Camera::camera_target;
-math::Axis 		Camera::camera_axis;
-math::Axis 		Camera::camera_scene_axis;
-Camera::Mode 		Camera::camera_mode;
-Camera::Mode		Camera::camera_previous_mode;
-
-// current and target yaw angle in XZ plane, positive is looking left
-float Camera::direction_current;
-float Camera::direction_target;
-float Camera::target_direction;
-
-// current and target pitch angle in XY, positive is looking up
-float Camera::pitch_current;
-float Camera::pitch_target;
-float Camera::target_pitch;
-
-float Camera::distance;
-float Camera::camera_zoom;
-
-void Camera::init()
+Camera::Camera(const Mode mode)
 {
-	direction_current = 0;
-	direction_target = 0;
-
-	pitch_current = pitch_track * 2;
-	pitch_target = pitch_track;
-
-	target_pitch = 0.0f;
-	target_direction = 0.0f;
-
-	distance = 0.4f;
-	camera_zoom = 2.0f;
-
-	camera_mode = Overview;
-	camera_previous_mode = Track;
-	set_mode(Track);
-
-	camera_axis.clear();
-	camera_scene_axis.clear();
-	camera_eye.clear();
-	camera_target.clear();
-
+	_mode = mode;
+	_distance = 1.0f;
+	_multiplier = 1.0f;
+	_target_entity = 0;
+	
+	_freelook_direction = 0.0f;
+	_freelook_pitch = 0.0f;
+	
+	_movement_direction = 0.0f;
+	_movement_pitch = 0.0f;
 }
 
-void Camera::shutdown()
+Camera::~Camera()
 {
 }
 
-void Camera::set_mode(Mode newmode)
+void Camera::set_mode(const Mode mode)
 {
+	_mode = mode;
+	reset();
+}
 
-	direction_target = 0;
-	direction_current = direction_target;
-	pitch_target = pitch_track;
-	pitch_current = pitch_target;
-
-	target_direction = 0.0f;
-	target_pitch = 0.0f;
-	distance = 0.4f;
-
-	camera_scene_axis.clear();
-
-	if (camera_mode != Overview)
-		camera_previous_mode = camera_mode;
-
-	switch (newmode) {
-		case Track:
-			// switch camera to Track mode
-			camera_mode = Track;
-			if (core::localcontrol()) {
-				camera_scene_axis.assign(core::localcontrol()->axis());
-			}
-			break;
-
-		case Free:
-			// switch camera to Free mode
-			camera_mode = Free;
-			pitch_target = pitch_free;
-			pitch_current = pitch_target;
-			break;
-
-		case Cockpit:
-			camera_mode = Cockpit;
-			break;
-
-		case Overview:
-			// switch camera to Overview mode
-			camera_mode = Overview;
+void Camera::set_multiplier(const float multiplier)
+{
+	_multiplier = multiplier;
+}
 
-		default:
-			break;
-	}
+void Camera::set_freelook_direction(const float angle)
+{
+	_freelook_direction = angle;
+}
 
+void Camera::set_freelook_pitch(const float angle)
+{
+	_freelook_pitch = angle;
 }
 
-void Camera::view_next()
+void Camera::set_movement_direction(const float speed)
+{
+	_movement_direction = speed;
+	math::clamp(_movement_direction, -1.0f, 1.0f);
+}
+	
+void Camera::set_movement_pitch(const float speed)
 {
+	_movement_pitch = speed;
+	math::clamp(_movement_pitch, -1.0f, 1.0f);
+}
 
-	if (!core::localcontrol()) {
-		set_mode(Overview);
-		return;
-	}
+void Camera::cycle_mode_next()
+{
 
-	switch (camera_mode) {
+	switch (mode()) {
 		case Free:
-			// switch camera to Track mode
 			set_mode(Track);
-			//con_print << "view: track" << std::endl;
-			//core::application()->notify_message(core::Message::Info, std::string("view: track"));
 			break;
 
 		case Track:
-			// switch camera to Cockpit mode
 			set_mode(Cockpit);
-			//con_print << "view: cockpit" << std::endl;
-			//core::application()->notify_message(core::Message::Info, std::string("view: cockpit"));
 			break;
 
 		case Cockpit:
-			// switch camera to Free mode
 			set_mode(Free);
-			//con_print << "view: free" << std::endl;
-			//core::application()->notify_message(core::Message::Info, std::string("view: free"));
 			break;
 
 		default:
@@ -159,34 +94,19 @@ void Camera::view_next()
 	}
 }
 
-void Camera::view_previous()
+void Camera::cycle_mode_previous()
 {
-
-	if (!core::localcontrol()) {
-		set_mode(Overview);
-		return;
-	}
-
-	switch (camera_mode) {
+	switch (mode()) {
 		case Cockpit:
-			// switch camera to Track mode
 			set_mode(Track);
-			//con_print << "view: track" << std::endl;
-			//core::application()->notify_message(core::Message::Info, std::string("view: track"));
 			break;
 
 		case Free:
-			// switch camera to Cockpit mode
 			set_mode(Cockpit);
-			//con_print << "view: cockpit" << std::endl;
-			//core::application()->notify_message(core::Message::Info, std::string("view: cockpit"));
 			break;
 
 		case Track:
-			// switch camera to Free mode
 			set_mode(Free);
-			//con_print << "view: free" << std::endl;
-			//core::application()->notify_message(core::Message::Info, std::string("view: free"));
 			break;
 
 		default:
@@ -194,180 +114,182 @@ void Camera::view_previous()
 	}
 }
 
-void Camera::set_zoom(float zoom)
+void Camera::reset()
 {
-	camera_zoom += zoom;
-	math::clamp(camera_zoom, 1.0f, 10.0f);
-}
+	if (target())
+	{
+		_target_location.assign(target()->location());
+		_target_axis.assign(target()->axis());
+		_distance = 0.0f;
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		_location.clear();
+		_target_axis.clear();
+		_distance = 0.0f;
+	}	
+	_axis.assign(_target_axis);
+	if (mode() == Free)
+	{
+		_target_axis.clear();
+	}
+	
+	_freelook_direction = 0.0f;
+	_freelook_pitch = 0.0f;
 
-void Camera::frame(float seconds)
+	_movement_direction = 0.0f;
+	_movement_pitch = 0.0f;
+}
+void Camera::set_target(const core::Entity *entity)
 {
-	math::Axis target_axis;
-	float d = 0;
-
-	if (core::localplayer()->view()) {
-		if (camera_mode != Overview) {
-			set_mode(Overview);
-		}
-	} else if (core::localcontrol()) {
-		if (camera_mode == Overview) {
-			set_mode(camera_previous_mode);
-		}
-	} else {
-		if (camera_mode != Overview) {
-			set_mode(Overview);
-		}
-	}
+	_target_entity = entity;	
+}
 
-	if (mode() == Overview) {
-		camera_eye.clear();
-
-		if (core::localplayer()->view()) {
-			// player view entity
-
-			camera_scene_axis.assign(core::localplayer()->view()->axis());
-			if (core::localplayer()->view() == core::localcontrol()) {
-				camera_scene_axis.change_pitch(pitch_free);
-				camera_target.assign(core::localplayer()->view()->location());
-				distance = math::max(core::localplayer()->view()->radius(), 1.0f) * 2.0f;
-			} else {
-				distance = math::max(core::localplayer()->view()->radius(), 1.0f) * 3.0f;
-				camera_scene_axis.change_direction(180.0f);
-				camera_target.assign(core::localplayer()->view()->location() - core::localplayer()->view()->axis().left()*(math::max(core::localplayer()->view()->radius(), 1.0f)*0.5f));
+void Camera::frame(const float elapsed)
+{
+	const float ROTATESPEED = 25.0f * elapsed;
+	switch(mode())
+	{
+		case Track:
+		{
+			math::Axis desired_axis;
+				
+			// 3rd person view
+			if (target())
+			{
+				_target_location.assign(target()->location());
+				
+				if (target()->model())
+				{
+					const float modelscale = target()->radius() / target()->model()->radius();
+					_target_location += target()->axis().up() * target()->model()->box().max().z() * modelscale;
+				}
+				else
+				{
+					_target_location += target()->axis().up() * target()->radius();
+				}
+				desired_axis.assign(target()->axis());
+				_distance = target()->radius() * _multiplier * 2.0f;
 			}
-
-			/*
-					} else if (core::localplayer()->zone()->default_view()) {
-						// default zone view entity
-						camera_target.assign(core::localplayer()->zone()->default_view()->location());
-						camera_scene_axis.assign(core::localplayer()->zone()->default_view()->axis());
-						camera_scene_axis.change_direction(180.0f);
-						distance = math::max(core::localplayer()->zone()->default_view()->radius(), 1.0f) * 2.0f;
-			*/
-		} else {
-			// default location (0,0,0)
-			camera_target.clear();
-			camera_scene_axis.clear();
-			pitch_current = pitch_overview;
-			camera_scene_axis.change_pitch(pitch_current);
-			distance = 8.0f;
-		}
-	} else {
-
-		camera_target.assign(core::localcontrol()->location());
-		target_axis.assign(core::localcontrol()->axis());
-		distance = core::localcontrol()->radius();
-
-		if (mode() == Track) {
-
-			float cosangle;		// cosine of an angle
-			float angle;		// angle in radians
-			math::Vector3f n;	// normal of a plane
+			else
+			{
+				_target_location.assign(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
+				_distance = _multiplier  * 2.0f;
+			}		
+			// FIXME Bad solution below
 			
-			// freelook target
-			target_axis.change_direction(90 * target_direction);
-			target_axis.change_pitch(90 * target_pitch);
-
-			// rotate scene axis towards target axis
-			n.assign(math::crossproduct(camera_scene_axis.forward(), target_axis.forward()));
-			if (!(n.length() < MIN_DELTA)) {
+			math::Vector3f n (math::crossproduct(_target_axis.forward(), desired_axis.forward()));
+			float l = n.length();
+			float d = math::dotproduct(_target_axis.forward(), desired_axis.forward());	
+			float a = (d > 0.0f ? 1.0f - d : 1.0f);			
+			if ((a  > MIN_DELTA) && (l > MIN_DELTA))
+			{
 				n.normalize();
-				cosangle = math::dotproduct(camera_scene_axis.forward(), target_axis.forward());
-				angle = acos(cosangle) * seconds; // * 180.0f / M_PI;
-				if (angle > MIN_DELTA)
-					camera_scene_axis.rotate(n, -angle);
+				_target_axis.rotate(n, -ROTATESPEED * a);
+				
 			}
-
-			n.assign(math::crossproduct(camera_scene_axis.left(), target_axis.left()));
-			if (!(n.length() < MIN_DELTA)) {
+			
+			n.assign (math::crossproduct(_target_axis.up(), desired_axis.up()));
+			l = n.length();
+			d = math::dotproduct(_target_axis.up(), desired_axis.up());	
+			a = (d > 0.0f ? 1.0f - d : 1.0f);
+			if ((a  > MIN_DELTA) && (l > MIN_DELTA))
+			{
 				n.normalize();
-				cosangle = math::dotproduct(camera_scene_axis.left(), target_axis.left());
-				angle = acos(cosangle) * seconds; // * 180.0f / M_PI;
-				if (angle > MIN_DELTA)
-					camera_scene_axis.rotate(n, -angle);
+				_target_axis.rotate(n, -ROTATESPEED * a);
+				
 			}
 
-			n.assign(math::crossproduct(camera_scene_axis.up(), target_axis.up()));
-			if (!(n.length() < MIN_DELTA)) {
-				n.normalize();
-				cosangle = math::dotproduct(camera_scene_axis.up(), target_axis.up());
-				angle = acos(cosangle) * seconds; // * 180.0f / M_PI;
-				if (angle > MIN_DELTA)
-					camera_scene_axis.rotate(n, -angle);
+			_axis.assign(_target_axis);
+			_axis.change_direction(_freelook_direction);
+			_axis.change_pitch(_freelook_pitch);
+			break;
+		}
+			
+		case Cockpit:
+		{
+			// 1st person view
+			if (target())
+			{
+				_target_location.assign(target()->location());
+				_target_axis.assign(target()->axis());
+				_distance = 0.0f;
 			}
-
-			if (core::localcontrol()->model() && core::localcontrol()->model()->radius()) {
-				const float modelscale = core::localcontrol()->radius() / core::localcontrol()->model()->radius();
+			else
+			{
+				_target_location.clear();
+				_target_axis.clear();
+				_distance = 0.0f;
+			}
+			
+			_axis.assign(_target_axis);
+			_axis.change_direction(_freelook_direction);
+			_axis.change_pitch(_freelook_pitch);
+			break;
+		}	
+		case Free:
+		{
+			// look at self
+			if (target())
+			{
+				_target_location.assign(target()->location());
+				_axis.assign(target()->axis());
 				
-				camera_target -= camera_scene_axis.forward() * math::max(FRUSTUMFRONT / WORLDSCALE, core::localcontrol()->model()->box().max().x() * modelscale);
-				camera_target += camera_scene_axis.up() * math::max(FRUSTUMFRONT / WORLDSCALE, core::localcontrol()->model()->box().max().z() * modelscale);
-			} else {
-				camera_target -= camera_scene_axis.forward() * math::max(FRUSTUMFRONT / WORLDSCALE, FRUSTUMFRONT / WORLDSCALE + core::localcontrol()->radius());
-				camera_target += camera_scene_axis.up() * math::max(FRUSTUMFRONT / WORLDSCALE, FRUSTUMFRONT / WORLDSCALE + core::localcontrol()->radius());
+				_distance = target()->radius() * _multiplier  * 2.0f;
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				_target_location.clear();
+				_axis.clear();
+				
+				_distance = _multiplier  * 2.0f;
 			}
 
-			distance = math::max(FRUSTUMFRONT / WORLDSCALE, FRUSTUMFRONT / WORLDSCALE + camera_zoom * core::localcontrol()->radius()) + 0.001f;
-
-		} else if (mode() == Free) {
-
-			camera_scene_axis.assign(target_axis);
-
-			direction_target =  direction_current - 90 * target_direction;
-			pitch_target = pitch_current - 90 * target_pitch;
-
-			// adjust direction
-			d = degrees180f(direction_current - direction_target);
-			direction_current = degrees360f(direction_current -  d * seconds);
-			camera_scene_axis.change_direction(direction_current);
-
-			// adjust pitch
-			d = degrees180f(pitch_current - pitch_target);
-			pitch_current = degrees360f(pitch_current -  d * seconds);
-			camera_scene_axis.change_pitch(pitch_current);
-
-			distance = math::max(FRUSTUMFRONT / WORLDSCALE, FRUSTUMFRONT / WORLDSCALE + camera_zoom * core::localcontrol()->radius()) + 0.001f;
-
-		} else if (mode() == Cockpit) {
+			_target_axis.rotate(math::Vector3f(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f), -M_PI * _movement_direction * elapsed);
+			_target_axis.change_pitch(180.0f * _movement_pitch * elapsed);
 			
-			camera_scene_axis.assign(target_axis);
-			
-			direction_target =  + 90 * target_direction;
-			pitch_target = + 90 * target_pitch;
-
-			// adjust direction
-			d = degrees180f(direction_current - direction_target);
-			direction_current = degrees360f(direction_current -  d * seconds);
-			camera_scene_axis.change_direction(direction_current);
-
-			// adjust pitch
-			d = degrees180f(pitch_current - pitch_target);
-			pitch_current = degrees360f(pitch_current -  d * seconds);
-			camera_scene_axis.change_pitch(pitch_current);
-
-			if (core::localcontrol()->model()) {
-				const float modelscale = core::localcontrol()->radius() / core::localcontrol()->model()->radius();
-				camera_target += (core::localcontrol()->model()->box().max().x() * modelscale) *
-						 core::localcontrol()->axis().forward();
-			} else  {
-				camera_target += (core::localcontrol()->radius()) *
-						 core::localcontrol()->axis().forward();
+			_axis.assign(_axis * _target_axis);
+			_axis.change_direction(_freelook_direction);
+			_axis.change_pitch(_freelook_pitch);
+			break;
+		}	
+		case Overview:
+		{
+			if (target())
+			{
+				_target_location.assign(target()->location());
+				_target_axis.assign(target()->axis());
+				_distance = 2.0f * target()->radius() * _multiplier;
+				
+				_target_axis.change_direction(180.0f);
+				
+				// default pitch angle
+				_target_axis.change_pitch(-5.0f);
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				_target_location.clear();
+				_target_axis.clear();
+				
+				_distance = 2.0f * _multiplier;
 			}
-			distance = (FRUSTUMFRONT / WORLDSCALE) - 0.001f;
+			
+			_axis.assign(_target_axis);
+			break;
 		}
 	}
-
-	// calculate eye position
-	camera_eye = camera_target - (distance * camera_scene_axis.forward());
-	camera_axis.assign(camera_scene_axis);
+	
+	_distance += FRUSTUMFRONT / WORLDSCALE;
+	_location.assign(_target_location - _axis.forward() * _distance);
 }
 
-void Camera::frustum()
+void Camera::draw()
 {
 	// Change to the projection matrix and set our viewing volume large enough for the skysphere
 	gl::matrixmode(GL_PROJECTION);
 	gl::loadidentity();
 
-	gl::frustum(-FRUSTUMSIZE, FRUSTUMSIZE, -FRUSTUMSIZE / State::aspect(), FRUSTUMSIZE / State::aspect(), FRUSTUMFRONT, core::range::maxdistance * WORLDSCALE);
+	gl::frustum(-FRUSTUMSIZE, FRUSTUMSIZE, -FRUSTUMSIZE / State::aspect(), FRUSTUMSIZE / State::aspect(), FRUSTUMFRONT, FARPLANE);
 	gl::matrixmode(GL_MODELVIEW);
 	gl::loadidentity();
 
@@ -376,25 +298,25 @@ void Camera::frustum()
 	gl::rotate(-90.0f, 1.0f , 0.0f, 0.0f);
 
 	// apply the transpose of the axis transformation (the axis is orhtonormal)
-	math::Matrix4f matrix;
-	matrix.assign(camera_scene_axis);
+	math::Matrix4f matrix(_axis);
 	gl::multmatrix(matrix.transpose());
 
-	gl::scale(4.0f, 4.0f, 4.0f);
-
-	gl::translate(-1.0f * camera_eye);
+	// apply world scale
+	gl::scale(WORLDSCALE, WORLDSCALE, WORLDSCALE);
 
+	// apply camera eye translation
+	gl::translate(-1.0f * _location);
 }
 
-void Camera::frustum_default(float distance, float cx, float cy)
+void Camera::draw(const float center_x, const float center_y)
 {
 	// Change to the projection matrix and set our viewing volume large enough for the skysphere
 	gl::matrixmode(GL_PROJECTION);
 	gl::loadidentity();
 
-	// move eye to (cx, cy)
+	// move projection center to (cx, cy)
 	// note: the factor 2.0f probably has to be 1.0f/frustum_size
-	gl::translate(2.0f*(-State::width() * 0.5f + cx) / State::width() , 2.0f*(State::height() * 0.5f - cy) / State::height(), 0.0f);
+	gl::translate(2.0f*(-State::width() * 0.5f + center_x) / State::width() , 2.0f * (State::height() * 0.5f - center_y) / State::height(), 0.0f);
 
 	gl::frustum(-FRUSTUMSIZE, FRUSTUMSIZE, -FRUSTUMSIZE / State::aspect(), FRUSTUMSIZE / State::aspect(), FRUSTUMFRONT, 1023.0f);
 
@@ -404,10 +326,13 @@ void Camera::frustum_default(float distance, float cx, float cy)
 	// map world coordinates to opengl coordinates
 	gl::rotate(90.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
 	gl::rotate(-90.0f, 1.0f , 0.0f, 0.0f);
+	
+	// apply the transpose of the axis transformation (the axis is orhtonormal)
+	math::Matrix4f matrix(_axis);
+	gl::multmatrix(matrix.transpose());
 
-	gl::translate(distance + 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
-	camera_eye.assign(-distance - 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
-	camera_axis.clear();
+	// apply camera eye translation
+	gl::translate(-1.0f * _location);
 }
 
 void Camera::ortho()
@@ -420,22 +345,7 @@ void Camera::ortho()
 	gl::matrixmode(GL_MODELVIEW);
 	gl::loadidentity();
 }
+	
 
-void Camera::set_direction(float direction)
-{
-	target_direction = direction;
-	math::clamp(target_direction, -1.0f, 1.0f);
-}
+} // namespace render
 
-void Camera::set_pitch(float pitch)
-{
-	target_pitch = pitch;
-	math::clamp(target_pitch, -1.0f, 1.0f);
-}
-
-void Camera::reset()
-{
-	set_mode(camera_mode);
-}
-
-}
diff --git a/src/render/camera.h b/src/render/camera.h
index cc6eaa5..4d01fa2 100644
--- a/src/render/camera.h
+++ b/src/render/camera.h
@@ -7,114 +7,235 @@
 #ifndef __INCLUDED_RENDER_CAMERA_H__
 #define __INCLUDED_RENDER_CAMERA_H__
 
-#include "math/mathlib.h"
 #include "core/range.h"
+#include "math/vector3f.h"
+#include "math/axis.h"
+
+namespace core
+{
+	class Entity;
+}
 
 namespace render
 {
 
 const float WORLDSCALE = 4.0f;
-const float FARPLANE = core::range::maxdistance;
+
 const float FRUSTUMSIZE = 0.5f;
 const float FRUSTUMFRONT = 1.0f;
+const float FARPLANE = core::range::maxdistance * WORLDSCALE;
 
-/// camera functions
+/**
+ * @brief The Camera class draws a camera transformation determined by its current settings
+ * */
 class Camera
 {
 public:
-
-	/// enum indicating the camera mode
-	enum Mode {Free, Track, Cockpit, Overview};
-
-	/// initialize the camera
-	static void init();
-
-	/// shutdown the camera
-	static void shutdown();
-
-	/// gameworld coordinates of the camera eye
-	static inline const math::Vector3f & eye() {
-		return camera_eye;
+	/**
+	 * @brief enum indicating the camera mode
+	 * */
+	enum Mode {Track, Cockpit, Free, Overview};
+	
+	/**
+	 * @brief default constructor
+	 * */
+	Camera(const Mode mode = Track);
+	
+	/**
+	 * @brief destructor
+	 * */
+	~Camera();
+	
+	/* --- inspectors ------------------------------------------ */
+	
+	/**
+	 * @brief current camera mode
+	 * */
+	inline const Mode mode() const
+	{
+		return _mode;
 	}
-
-	/// gameworld coordinates of the camera target
-	static inline const math::Vector3f & target() {
-		return camera_target;
+	
+	/**
+	 * @brief distance between the camera eye and the target
+	 * */
+	inline const float distance() const
+	{
+		return _distance;
 	}
-
-	/// gameworld camera axis
-	static inline const math::Axis & axis() {
-		return camera_axis;
+	
+	/**
+	 * @brief distance multiplier
+	 * The distance multiplier can be used to zoom the camera in or out
+	 * */
+	inline const float multiplier() const
+	{
+		return _multiplier;
 	}
-
-	/// current camera mode
-	static inline Mode mode() {
-		return camera_mode;
+	
+	/**
+	 * @brief camera eye location, translation part of the camera transformation
+	 * */
+	inline const math::Vector3f & location() const
+	{
+		return _location;
 	}
-
-	/// reset the current mode
-	static void reset();
-
-	/// progress the camera
-	static void frame(float elapsed);
-
-	/// enable camera frustum projection
-	/** The camera frustum projection is used to draw the world
-	 */
-	static void frustum();
-
-	/// enable default frustum projection
-	/** The default frustum projection is used to draw Gui 3D models
-	 */
-	static void frustum_default(float distance, float cx, float cy);
-
-	/// enable orthographic projection
-	/** The ortographic projetion is used to draw the user interface
-	 */
+	
+	/**
+	 * @brief camera target location,point the camera is looking at
+	 * */
+	inline const math::Vector3f & target_location() const
+	{
+		return _target_location;
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * @brief camera eye axis, rotation part of the camera transformation
+	 * */
+	inline const math::Axis & axis() const
+	{
+		return _axis;
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * @brief the entity the camera is currently looking at
+	 * */
+	inline const core::Entity *target()
+	{
+		return _target_entity;
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * @brief free look direction angle, in degrees
+	 * */
+	inline const float freelook_direction() const
+	{
+		return _freelook_direction;
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * @brief free look pitch angle, in degrees
+	 * */
+	inline const float freelook_pitch() const
+	{
+		return _freelook_pitch;
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * @brief free look direction rotation speed, -1..1
+	 * */
+	inline const float movement_direction() const
+	{
+		return _movement_direction;
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * @brief free look pitch rotation speed, -1..1
+	 * */
+	inline const float movement_pitch() const
+	{
+		return _movement_pitch;
+	}
+	
+	/* --- mutators -------------------------------------------- */
+		
+	/**
+	 * @brief set the current camera mode
+	 * */
+	void set_mode(const Mode mode);
+	
+	/**
+	 * @brief set next camera mode
+	 * */
+	void cycle_mode_next();
+	
+	/**
+	 * @brief set previous camera mode
+	 * */
+	void cycle_mode_previous();
+
+	/**
+	 * @brief set camera target
+	 * */
+	void set_target(const core::Entity *entity = 0);
+	
+	/**
+	 * @brief set distance multiplier
+	 * */
+	void set_multiplier(const float multiplier);
+	
+	/**
+	 * @brief set the free look direction angle, in degrees
+	 * */
+	void set_freelook_direction(const float angle);
+	
+	/**
+	 * @brief set the free look pitch angle, in degrees
+	 * */
+	void set_freelook_pitch(const float angle);
+	
+	/**
+	 * @brief set the free look direction rotation  speed, -1..1
+	 * */
+	void set_movement_direction(const float speed);
+	
+	/**
+	 * @brief set the free look pitch rotation speed, -1..1
+	 * */
+	void set_movement_pitch(const float speed);
+		
+	/* --- actors ---------------------------------------------- */
+	
+	void reset();
+	
+	/**
+	 * @brief update the camera location and axis.
+	 * */
+	void frame(const float elapsed);
+	
+	/**
+	 * @brief draw the actual camera transformation
+	 * This method is used to draw the camera projection for the world render
+	 * and applies WORLDSCALE.
+	 * */
+	void draw();
+	
+	/**
+	 * @brief draw the actual camera transformation
+	 * This method variant is used by the user interface 3D model widget
+	 * and ignores WORLDSCALE.
+	 * */
+	void draw(const float center_x, const float center_y);
+	
+	/* --- static ---------------------------------------------- */
+	
+	/**
+	 * @brief set the current transformation matrix to a orthographic projection
+	 * This method is used while drawing the user interface.
+	 * */
 	static void ortho();
 
-	/// set target zoom
-	static void set_zoom(float zoom);
-
-	/// set target direction
-	static void set_direction(float direction);
-
-	/// set target pitch
-	static void set_pitch(float pitch);
-
-	/// switch to next camera mode
-	static void view_next();
-
-	/// wtich to previous camera mode
-	static void view_previous();
-
-	/// set specified camera mode
-	static void set_mode(Mode newmode);
-
 private:
-	static math::Vector3f 		camera_eye;
-	static math::Vector3f 		camera_target;
-	static math::Axis 		camera_axis;
-	static math::Axis 		camera_scene_axis;
-	static Mode 			camera_mode;
-	static Mode			camera_previous_mode;
-
-
-	// current and target yaw angle in XZ plane, positive is looking left
-	static float direction_current;
-	static float direction_target;
-	static float target_direction;
-
-	// current and target pitch angle in XY, positive is looking up
-	static float pitch_current;
-	static float pitch_target;
-	static float target_pitch;
-
-	static float distance;
-	static float camera_zoom;
-
-};
-
-} // namespace client
-
-#endif // __INCLUDED_RENDER_CAMERA_H__
+	Mode			_mode;
+	
+	float			_distance;
+	float 			_multiplier;
+	math::Vector3f		_location;
+	math::Axis		_axis;	
+		
+	const core::Entity *	_target_entity;
+	math::Vector3f		_target_location;
+	math::Axis		_target_axis;	
+
+	float 			_freelook_direction;	
+	float 			_freelook_pitch;
+	
+	float			_movement_direction;
+	float			_movement_pitch;
+
+	
+}; 	// class camera
+
+} 	// namespace render
+
+#endif 	// __INCLUDED_RENDER_CAMERA_H__
diff --git a/src/render/draw.cc b/src/render/draw.cc
index c9ccafe..f354780 100644
--- a/src/render/draw.cc
+++ b/src/render/draw.cc
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 #include "model/material.h"
 #include "model/model.h"
 
+#include "render/camera.h"
 #include "render/debugdrawer.h"
 #include "render/draw.h"
 #include "render/dust.h"
@@ -54,6 +55,10 @@ math::Vector3f v7(-1, -1,  -1);
 
 core::Zone *zone = 0;
 
+Camera _camera_control(Camera::Track);
+Camera _camera_overview(Camera::Overview);
+Camera *_camera = &_camera_control;
+
 bool draw_particles = true;
 bool draw_lights = true;
 
@@ -79,11 +84,50 @@ bool compare_entity_distance(const core::Entity * entityfirst, const core::Entit
 
 LightEnvironment lightenv_zone;
 
+Camera & camera()
+{
+	return *_camera;
+}
+
 /* ---- Prepare the renderer state --------------------------------- */
 
 void pass_prepare(float seconds)
 {
-	using namespace model;
+	// initialize camera
+	const core::Entity *previous_target = _camera->target();
+	
+	if (core::localplayer()->view())
+	{
+		_camera = &_camera_overview;
+		_camera->set_target(core::localplayer()->view());
+		_camera->set_multiplier(2.0f);
+	}
+	else if (core::localcontrol())
+	{
+		if (core::localcontrol()->state() == core::Entity::Destroyed)
+		{
+			_camera = &_camera_overview;
+			_camera->set_multiplier(1.0f);
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			_camera = &_camera_control;
+		}
+		_camera->set_target(core::localcontrol());
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		_camera = &_camera_overview;
+		_camera->set_target(0);
+	}
+	
+	if (_camera->target() != previous_target)
+	{
+		_camera->reset();
+	}
+	
+	_camera->frame(seconds);
+	_camera->draw();
 	
 	// render settings for this pass_prepare
 	draw_lights = true;
@@ -121,7 +165,7 @@ void pass_prepare(float seconds)
 			if (!ext_render(entity)) {
 				new RenderExt(entity);
 			}
-			entity->extension((size_t) core::Extension::Render)->frame(seconds);
+			ext_render(entity)->frame(seconds, *_camera);
 
 			if (entity->type() == core::Entity::Globe)
 			{
@@ -146,7 +190,7 @@ void pass_prepare(float seconds)
 			else
 			{
 				// add entity to draw lists
-				if (entity->visible() || !ext_render(entity)->behind())
+				if (entity->visible() && !ext_render(entity)->behind())
 				{
 					drawlist_entities.push_back(entity);
 				}
@@ -194,11 +238,11 @@ void draw_pass_sky()
 	gl::enable(GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP);
 	
 	gl::push();
-	gl::translate(Camera::eye());
+	gl::translate(_camera->location());
 
 	gl::color(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
 	
-	const float r = 128.0f;
+	const float r = core::range::maxdistance * 0.5f;
 
 	gl::begin((r_wireframe && r_wireframe->value()) ? gl::LineLoop : gl::Quads);
 	
@@ -239,10 +283,10 @@ void draw_pass_sky()
 	gl::texcoord(-1, 1, -1); gl::vertex(-r, r, -r);
 
 	gl::end();
-
-	gl::disable(GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP);
 	
 	gl::pop();
+
+	gl::disable(GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP);
 	
 	Stats::quads += 6;
 }
@@ -298,18 +342,19 @@ void draw_sphere(const math::Color & color, float radius)
 	}
 }
 
-void draw_globe_corona(const math::Vector3f location, const math::Color & color, const float radius, const size_t corona_id) 
+void draw_globe_corona(const Camera & camera, const math::Vector3f & location, const math::Color & color, const float radius, const size_t corona_id)
 {
 	// draw the globe's corona
 	if (corona_id) {
-		math::Vector3f v = location - Camera::eye();
+		math::Vector3f v(location - camera.location());
 		v.normalize();
-		float a = dotproduct(v, Camera::axis().forward());
+		float a = dotproduct(v, camera.axis().forward());
 		if (a > 0.1f) {
-			gl::enable(GL_BLEND);
+			
 			gl::disable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
 			gl::depthmask(GL_FALSE);	// disable depth buffer writes
 			gl::enable(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
+			gl::enable(GL_BLEND);
 			
 			Textures::bind(corona_id);
 
@@ -320,21 +365,21 @@ void draw_globe_corona(const math::Vector3f location, const math::Color & color,
 			
 			gl::begin(gl::Quads);
 			gl::texcoord(0, 1);
-			gl::vertex((Camera::axis().up() - Camera::axis().left()) * radius * 4.0f);
+			gl::vertex((camera.axis().up() - camera.axis().left()) * radius * 4.0f);
 			gl::texcoord(0, 0);
-			gl::vertex((Camera::axis().up() + Camera::axis().left()) * radius * 4.0f);
+			gl::vertex((camera.axis().up() + camera.axis().left()) * radius * 4.0f);
 			gl::texcoord(1, 0);
-			gl::vertex((Camera::axis().up() * -1 + Camera::axis().left()) * radius * 4.0f);
+			gl::vertex((camera.axis().up() * -1.0f + camera.axis().left()) * radius * 4.0f);
 			gl::texcoord(1, 1);
-			gl::vertex((Camera::axis().up() * -1 - Camera::axis().left()) * radius * 4.0f);
+			gl::vertex((camera.axis().up() * -1.0f - camera.axis().left()) * radius * 4.0f);
 			gl::end();
 
 			Stats::quads++;
 			
+			gl::disable(GL_BLEND);
 			gl::disable(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
-			gl::enable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
 			gl::depthmask(GL_TRUE);	// enable depth buffer writes
-			gl::disable(GL_BLEND);
+			gl::enable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
 		}
 	}	
 }
@@ -410,10 +455,10 @@ void draw_pass_globes()
 		math::Vector3f location(globe->location());	
 		float radius = globe->radius();
 		
-		if (ext_render(globe)->distance() > (FARPLANE - globe->radius())) {
+		if (ext_render(globe)->distance() > (core::range::maxdistance - globe->radius())) {
 			// globe is behind the far plane, make a fake size calculation
-			location = Camera::eye() + (location - Camera::eye()) * ((FARPLANE - globe->radius()) / ext_render(globe)->distance());
-			radius  *= (FARPLANE - globe->radius()) / (ext_render(globe)->distance());
+			location = _camera->location() + (location - _camera->location()) * ((core::range::maxdistance - globe->radius()) / ext_render(globe)->distance());
+			radius  *= (core::range::maxdistance - globe->radius()) / (ext_render(globe)->distance());
 
 			gl::depthmask(GL_FALSE);
 
@@ -428,7 +473,7 @@ void draw_pass_globes()
 			if (globe->corona_id()) {
 				// draw globe corona
 				// corona is rendered in camera space
-				draw_globe_corona(location, globe->color(), radius, globe->corona_id());
+				draw_globe_corona(*_camera, location, globe->color(), radius, globe->corona_id());
 			}
 		}
 		
@@ -446,7 +491,7 @@ void draw_pass_globes()
 		
 		draw_sphere(globe->color(), radius);
 		
-		if (globe->rings_id()) {	
+		if (globe->rings_id()) {
 			if (!globe->texture_id()) {
 				gl::enable(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
 			}			
@@ -463,7 +508,7 @@ void draw_pass_globes()
 			gl::enable(GL_LIGHTING);
 		}
 		
-		if (ext_render(globe)->distance() > (FARPLANE - globe->radius())) {
+		if (ext_render(globe)->distance() > (core::range::maxdistance - globe->radius())) {
 			gl::depthmask(GL_TRUE);
 			lightenv_zone.draw();
 		}
@@ -1009,13 +1054,13 @@ void draw_model_lights(model::Model *model, const float scale,
 		gl::color(color);
 
 		gl::texcoord(1, 0);
-		gl::vertex(location + (Camera::axis().up() - Camera::axis().left()) * light_size);
+		gl::vertex(location + (_camera->axis().up() - _camera->axis().left()) * light_size);
 		gl::texcoord(0, 0);
-		gl::vertex(location + (Camera::axis().up() + Camera::axis().left()) * light_size);
+		gl::vertex(location + (_camera->axis().up() + _camera->axis().left()) * light_size);
 		gl::texcoord(0, 1);
-		gl::vertex(location + (Camera::axis().up() * -1 + Camera::axis().left()) * light_size);
+		gl::vertex(location + (_camera->axis().up() * -1 + _camera->axis().left()) * light_size);
 		gl::texcoord(1, 1);
-		gl::vertex(location + (Camera::axis().up() * -1 - Camera::axis().left()) * light_size);
+		gl::vertex(location + (_camera->axis().up() * -1 - _camera->axis().left()) * light_size);
 		nbquads++;
 
 	}
@@ -1041,7 +1086,7 @@ void draw_model_lights(model::Model *model, const float scale,
 
 		// calulcate viewing angle factor
 		flare_axis.assign(entity_axis * flare->axis());
-		a = math::absf(dotproduct(flare_axis.forward(), Camera::axis().forward()));
+		a = math::absf(dotproduct(flare_axis.forward(), _camera->axis().forward()));
 		if (a < 0.001f) {
 			continue;	// next flare
 		}
@@ -1166,7 +1211,7 @@ void draw_pass_model_fx(float elapsed)
 			if (draw_particles && ext_render(entity)->particles().size()) {
 
 				for (RenderExt::ParticleSystems::iterator it = ext_render(entity)->particles().begin(); it != ext_render(entity)->particles().end(); ++it) {
-					(*it)->draw(elapsed);
+					(*it)->draw(elapsed, *_camera);
 				}
 			}		
 		}
@@ -1207,11 +1252,11 @@ void draw_pass_spacegrid()
 	float s = 1.0f / gridsize;
 	float z = -4.0f;
 
-	float dx =  Camera::target().x() - floorf(Camera::target().x());
-	float dy =  Camera::target().y() - floorf(Camera::target().y());
+	float dx = _camera->target_location().x() - floorf(_camera->target_location().x());
+	float dy = _camera->target_location().y() - floorf(_camera->target_location().y());
 
 	gl::push();
-	gl::translate(Camera::target());
+	gl::translate(_camera->target_location());
 	gl::color(0, 0, 1.0f);
 	gl::normal(0, 0, 1.0f);
 
@@ -1316,7 +1361,7 @@ void draw(float seconds)
 		math::Color dust_color(core::localplayer()->zone()->ambient_color());
 		float s = math::max(math::max(dust_color[0], dust_color[1]), dust_color[2]);
 		dust_color *= 0.8f / s;
-		Dust::draw(dust_color);	// draw spacedust
+		Dust::draw(*_camera, dust_color); // draw spacedust
 	}
 
 	// draw entity lights, flares and particles
@@ -1406,7 +1451,7 @@ void draw_inidicators(const core::EntityControlable *entity)
 		
 	// these are in model-space coordinates
 	
-	const float r = entity->model()->radius();	// entity radius
+	const float r = entity->model()->radius();	// model radius
 	const float l = r * 1.8f * entity->thrust();	// thrust indicator lenght
 	const float b = r * 0.1f;			// direction box size
 		
diff --git a/src/render/draw.h b/src/render/draw.h
index d1c7998..0bac3e2 100644
--- a/src/render/draw.h
+++ b/src/render/draw.h
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 #define __INCLUDED_RENDER_DRAW_H__
 
 #include "core/gameinterface.h"
-
+#include "render/camera.h"
 #include "math/axis.h"
 #include "math/vector3f.h"
 
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ void reset();
 void draw_sphere(const math::Color & color, float radius);
 
 /// draw globe corona
-void draw_globe_corona(const math::Vector3f location, const math::Color & color, const float radius, const size_t corona_id);
+void draw_globe_corona(const Camera & camera, const math::Vector3f & location, const math::Color & color, const float radius, const size_t corona_id);
 
 /// draw globe rings
 void draw_globe_rings(const math::Color & color, const size_t rings_id);
@@ -51,6 +51,9 @@ void draw_model_fragments(model::Model *model,
 	const float enginetime, const bool detail, const bool power, const float thrust
 );
 
+/// returns the current camera
+Camera & camera();
+
 class Stats
 {
 public:
diff --git a/src/render/dust.cc b/src/render/dust.cc
index 1ca422c..32d2081 100644
--- a/src/render/dust.cc
+++ b/src/render/dust.cc
@@ -20,9 +20,8 @@ core::Cvar *r_dustsize;
 
 const float LOWSPEEDLIMIT = 5.0f;
 const float TRAILLENGHT = 0.25f;
-const float DUSTDISTANCE = 8.0f;
 
-float	*dust = 0;
+float *dust = 0;
 size_t dustsize = 0;
 
 void Dust::init()
@@ -54,7 +53,7 @@ void Dust::reset()
 	}
 }
 
-void Dust::draw(math::Color const &dustcolor)
+void Dust::draw(const Camera &camera, const math::Color &dustcolor)
 {
 	float alpha = 0.0f;
 	float traillength = 0.0f;
@@ -90,7 +89,7 @@ void Dust::draw(math::Color const &dustcolor)
 		return;
 	}
 
-
+	const float dust_distance = camera.distance() * camera.multiplier();
 
 	if (!dust) {
 		con_debug << "  generating dust..." << std::endl;
@@ -98,9 +97,9 @@ void Dust::draw(math::Color const &dustcolor)
 		dust = (float *) malloc(sizeof(float) * dustsize * 3);
 
 		for (size_t i = 0; i < dustsize; i++) {
-			dust[i*3] = core::localcontrol()->location().x() + (math::randomf(2) - 1) * (DUSTDISTANCE + core::localcontrol()->radius() * 2.0f);
-			dust[i*3+1] = core::localcontrol()->location().y() + (math::randomf(2) - 1) * (DUSTDISTANCE + core::localcontrol()->radius() * 2.0f);
-			dust[i*3+2] = core::localcontrol()->location().z() + (math::randomf(2) - 1) * (DUSTDISTANCE + core::localcontrol()->radius() * 2.0f);
+			dust[i*3] = core::localcontrol()->location().x() + (math::randomf(2) - 1) * (dust_distance + core::localcontrol()->radius() * 2.0f);
+			dust[i*3+1] = core::localcontrol()->location().y() + (math::randomf(2) - 1) * (dust_distance + core::localcontrol()->radius() * 2.0f);
+			dust[i*3+2] = core::localcontrol()->location().z() + (math::randomf(2) - 1) * (dust_distance + core::localcontrol()->radius() * 2.0f);
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -123,9 +122,9 @@ void Dust::draw(math::Color const &dustcolor)
 			v[j] = dust[i*3+j] - core::localcontrol()->axis().forward()[j] * traillength;
 		}
 
-		if (dsquare > (2.0f * core::localcontrol()->radius() + DUSTDISTANCE)*(2.0f * core::localcontrol()->radius() + DUSTDISTANCE)) {
+		if (dsquare > (2.0f * core::localcontrol()->radius() + dust_distance)*(2.0f * core::localcontrol()->radius() + dust_distance)) {
 			for (size_t j = 0; j < 3; j++) {
-				dust[i*3+j] = core::localcontrol()->location()[j] + (math::randomf(2) - 1) * (DUSTDISTANCE + core::localcontrol()->radius() * 2.0f);
+				dust[i*3+j] = core::localcontrol()->location()[j] + (math::randomf(2) - 1) * (dust_distance + core::localcontrol()->radius() * 2.0f);
 				v[j] = dust[i*3+j] - core::localcontrol()->axis().forward()[j] * traillength;
 			}
 		}
diff --git a/src/render/dust.h b/src/render/dust.h
index 4653550..a42cb25 100644
--- a/src/render/dust.h
+++ b/src/render/dust.h
@@ -7,6 +7,9 @@
 #ifndef __INCLUDED_RENDER_DUST_H__
 #define __INCLUDED_RENDER_DUST_H__
 
+#include "math/color.h"
+#include "render/camera.h"
+
 namespace render
 {
 
@@ -19,7 +22,7 @@ public:
 
 	static void shutdown();
 
-	static void draw(math::Color const &dustcolor);
+	static void draw(const Camera &camera, const math::Color &dustcolor);
 
 	static void reset();
 };
diff --git a/src/render/particleejector.cc b/src/render/particleejector.cc
index 22ddf2d..51be345 100644
--- a/src/render/particleejector.cc
+++ b/src/render/particleejector.cc
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ void ParticleEjector::clear()
 	ejector_last_eject = 0;
 }
 
-void ParticleEjector::frame(const float seconds, const math::Vector3f & ps_location, const math::Axis & ps_axis, const float thrust_factor)
+void ParticleEjector::frame(const float seconds, const Camera &camera, const math::Vector3f & ps_location, const math::Axis & ps_axis, const float thrust_factor)
 {
 	unsigned long now = core::application()->timestamp();
 
@@ -166,12 +166,13 @@ void ParticleEjector::frame(const float seconds, const math::Vector3f & ps_locat
 			break;
 	}
 	
-	if (particles().size()) {
-		draw(ps_location, ps_axis);
+	if (particles().size())
+	{
+		draw(camera, ps_location, ps_axis);
 	}
 }
 
-void ParticleEjector::draw(const math::Vector3f & ps_location, const math::Axis & ps_axis)
+void ParticleEjector::draw(const Camera &camera, const math::Vector3f & ps_location, const math::Axis & ps_axis)
 {
 	
 }
@@ -188,22 +189,22 @@ ParticleEjectorSprite::~ParticleEjectorSprite()
 	
 }
 
-void ParticleEjectorSprite::draw(const math::Vector3f & ps_location, const math::Axis & ps_axis)
+void ParticleEjectorSprite::draw(const Camera &camera, const math::Vector3f & ps_location, const math::Axis & ps_axis)
 {
 	math::Vector3f quad[4];
 	Textures::bind(texture());
 	gl::begin(gl::Quads);
 
-	quad[0].assign((Camera::axis().up() - Camera::axis().left()));
-	quad[1].assign((Camera::axis().up() + Camera::axis().left()));
-	quad[2].assign((Camera::axis().up() * -1 + Camera::axis().left()));
-	quad[3].assign((Camera::axis().up() * -1 - Camera::axis().left()));
+	quad[0].assign((camera.axis().up() - camera.axis().left()));
+	quad[1].assign((camera.axis().up() + camera.axis().left()));
+	quad[2].assign((camera.axis().up() * -1 + camera.axis().left()));
+	quad[3].assign((camera.axis().up() * -1 - camera.axis().left()));
 	
 	for (Particles::iterator it = particles().begin(); it != particles().end(); it++) {
 		Particle *particle = (*it);
 		
 		math::Axis rotation;
-		rotation.rotate(Camera::axis().forward(), particle->rotation());
+		rotation.rotate(camera.axis().forward(), particle->rotation());
 		
 		math::Vector3f l(attached() ? ps_location + ps_axis * particle->location() : particle->location());
 		const float r = particle->radius();
@@ -235,7 +236,7 @@ ParticleEjectorFlare::~ParticleEjectorFlare()
 	
 }
 
-void ParticleEjectorFlare::draw(const math::Vector3f & ps_location, const math::Axis & ps_axis)
+void ParticleEjectorFlare::draw(const Camera &camera, const math::Vector3f & ps_location, const math::Axis & ps_axis)
 {
 	Textures::bind(texture());
 	gl::begin(gl::Quads);
@@ -274,7 +275,7 @@ ParticleEjectorTrail::~ParticleEjectorTrail()
 	
 }
 
-void ParticleEjectorTrail::draw(const math::Vector3f & ps_location, const math::Axis & ps_axis)
+void ParticleEjectorTrail::draw(const Camera &camera, const math::Vector3f & ps_location, const math::Axis & ps_axis)
 {
 	if (!particles().size()) {
 		return;
@@ -292,7 +293,7 @@ void ParticleEjectorTrail::draw(const math::Vector3f & ps_location, const math::
 	gl::color((*first)->color());
 	
 	//math::Vector3f first_location(attached() ? ps_location + ps_axis * (*first)->location() : (*first)->location());
-	math::Vector3f first_normal(math::crossproduct(((*first)->location() -  ps_location), ((*first)->location() - Camera::eye())));
+	math::Vector3f first_normal(math::crossproduct(((*first)->location() -  ps_location), ((*first)->location() - camera.location())));
 	first_normal.normalize();
 	
 	math::Vector3f next_normal(first_normal);
@@ -312,7 +313,7 @@ void ParticleEjectorTrail::draw(const math::Vector3f & ps_location, const math::
 	Stats::quads++;	
 	
 	while (next != particles().end()) {	
-		next_normal.assign(math::crossproduct(((*next)->location() -  (*first)->location()), ((*next)->location() - Camera::eye())));
+		next_normal.assign(math::crossproduct(((*next)->location() -  (*first)->location()), ((*next)->location() - camera.location())));
 		next_normal.normalize();
 			
 		gl::color((*first)->color());
@@ -353,7 +354,7 @@ ParticleEjectorStreak::~ParticleEjectorStreak()
 	
 }
 
-void ParticleEjectorStreak::draw(const math::Vector3f & ps_location, const math::Axis & ps_axis)
+void ParticleEjectorStreak::draw(const Camera &camera, const math::Vector3f & ps_location, const math::Axis & ps_axis)
 {
 	if (!particles().size()) {
 		return;
@@ -377,7 +378,7 @@ void ParticleEjectorStreak::draw(const math::Vector3f & ps_location, const math:
 		math::Vector3f first_location(attached() ? ps_location + ps_axis * (*first)->location() : (*first)->location());
 		math::Vector3f next_location(attached() ? ps_location + ps_axis * (*next)->location() : (*next)->location());
 		
-		normal.assign(math::crossproduct((first_location - Camera::eye()), (next_location - Camera::eye())));
+		normal.assign(math::crossproduct((first_location - camera.location()), (next_location - camera.location())));
 		normal.normalize();
 			
 		gl::color((*first)->color());
diff --git a/src/render/particleejector.h b/src/render/particleejector.h
index d68b32f..57a46d7 100644
--- a/src/render/particleejector.h
+++ b/src/render/particleejector.h
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 
 #include <deque>
 
+#include "render/camera.h"
 #include "render/particleejectorscript.h"
 #include "render/particle.h"
 
@@ -53,7 +54,7 @@ public:
 	/**
 	 * @brief updated the particles attached to the ejector, and drawn them
 	 * */
-	void frame(const float seconds, const math::Vector3f & ps_location, const math::Axis & ps_axis, const float thrust_factor);
+	void frame(const float seconds, const Camera &camera, const math::Vector3f & ps_location, const math::Axis & ps_axis, const float thrust_factor);
 	
 	/**
 	 * @brief remove all particles
@@ -66,7 +67,7 @@ protected:
 		return ejector_particles;
 	}
 	
-	virtual void draw(const math::Vector3f & ps_location, const math::Axis & ps_axis);
+	virtual void draw(const Camera &camera, const math::Vector3f & ps_location, const math::Axis & ps_axis);
 	
 private:
 	unsigned long	ejector_timestamp;
@@ -85,7 +86,7 @@ public:
 	virtual ~ParticleEjectorSprite();
 
 protected:
-	virtual void draw(const math::Vector3f & ps_location, const math::Axis & ps_axis);
+	virtual void draw(const Camera &camera, const math::Vector3f & ps_location, const math::Axis & ps_axis);
 };
 
 /**
@@ -98,7 +99,7 @@ public:
 	virtual ~ParticleEjectorFlare();
 
 protected:
-	virtual void draw(const math::Vector3f & ps_location, const math::Axis & ps_axis);
+	virtual void draw(const Camera &camera, const math::Vector3f & ps_location, const math::Axis & ps_axis);
 };
 
 /**
@@ -110,7 +111,7 @@ public:
 	virtual ~ParticleEjectorTrail();
 
 protected:
-	virtual void draw(const math::Vector3f & ps_location, const math::Axis & ps_axis);
+	virtual void draw(const Camera &camera, const math::Vector3f & ps_location, const math::Axis & ps_axis);
 };
 
 /**
@@ -122,7 +123,7 @@ public:
 	virtual ~ParticleEjectorStreak();
 
 protected:
-	virtual void draw(const math::Vector3f & ps_location, const math::Axis & ps_axis);
+	virtual void draw(const Camera &camera, const math::Vector3f & ps_location, const math::Axis & ps_axis);
 };
 
 } // namespace render
diff --git a/src/render/particlesystem.cc b/src/render/particlesystem.cc
index abc4f0c..74ee498 100644
--- a/src/render/particlesystem.cc
+++ b/src/render/particlesystem.cc
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ void ParticleSystem::clear()
 		(*it)->clear();
 	}
 }
-void ParticleSystem::draw(const float seconds)
+void ParticleSystem::draw(const float seconds, const Camera &camera)
 {
 	// clear particles for docked entities
 	if ( entity() && (entity()->type() == core::Entity::Controlable)) {
@@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ void ParticleSystem::draw(const float seconds)
 			}			
 			ejector->enable(ejector_active);
 			
-			(*it)->frame(seconds, current_location, current_axis  * ejector->axis(), thrust_factor);
+			(*it)->frame(seconds, camera, current_location, current_axis  * ejector->axis(), thrust_factor);
 		}
 		
 	}
diff --git a/src/render/particlesystem.h b/src/render/particlesystem.h
index 974806f..7675021 100644
--- a/src/render/particlesystem.h
+++ b/src/render/particlesystem.h
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 
 #include "core/entity.h"
 
+#include "render/camera.h"
 #include "render/particlesystemscript.h"
 #include "render/particleejector.h"
 
@@ -30,7 +31,7 @@ public:
 	ParticleSystem(const ParticleSystemScript *script, const core::Entity *entity, const model::Particles *modelclass);
 	~ParticleSystem();
 
-	void draw(const float seconds);
+	void draw(const float seconds, const Camera &camera);
 	
 	/**
 	 * @brief clear all particles from all ejectors
diff --git a/src/render/render.cc b/src/render/render.cc
index 88b2577..b2c2984 100644
--- a/src/render/render.cc
+++ b/src/render/render.cc
@@ -125,8 +125,6 @@ void init(int width, int height)
 	}
 	r_mipmap->set_info("[bool] use hardware generated mipmaps (recommended on)");
 
-	Camera::init();
-
 	Textures::init();
 
 	Text::init();
@@ -279,8 +277,6 @@ void shutdown()
 
 	Textures::shutdown();
 
-	Camera::shutdown();
-
 	Dust::shutdown();
 
 	State::shutdown();
diff --git a/src/render/renderext.cc b/src/render/renderext.cc
index c66f036..c311be9 100644
--- a/src/render/renderext.cc
+++ b/src/render/renderext.cc
@@ -103,7 +103,11 @@ RenderExt::~RenderExt()
 
 void RenderExt::frame(float elapsed)
 {
-	state_distance = math::distance(Camera::eye(), entity()->location());
+}
+
+void RenderExt::frame(float elapsed, const Camera & camera)
+{
+	state_distance = math::distance(camera.location(), entity()->location());
 
 	state_visible = entity()->visible();
 	state_detailvisible = false;
@@ -139,7 +143,7 @@ void RenderExt::frame(float elapsed)
 			return;
 		}
 		
-		if ((controlable == core::localcontrol()) && (Camera::mode() == Camera::Cockpit)) {
+		if ((controlable == core::localcontrol()) && (camera.mode() == camera.Cockpit)) {
 			state_visible = false;
 			return;
 		}
@@ -233,7 +237,7 @@ void RenderExt::frame(float elapsed)
 		}
 	}
 	
-	if (math::dotproduct(Camera::axis().forward(), entity()->location() + Camera::axis().forward() * entity()->radius() - Camera::eye()) < 0.0f) {
+	if (math::dotproduct(camera.axis().forward(), entity()->location() + camera.axis().forward() * entity()->radius() - camera.location()) < 0.0f) {
 		state_behind = true;
 	}
 }
diff --git a/src/render/renderext.h b/src/render/renderext.h
index 65fc5ed..3186a9c 100644
--- a/src/render/renderext.h
+++ b/src/render/renderext.h
@@ -75,6 +75,8 @@ public:
 	}	
 	
 	virtual void frame(float elapsed);
+	
+	virtual void frame(float elapsed, const Camera & camera);
 
 	
 private: